Title: Activity
Profile between Winners and Losers in Females Silat Olahraga Class B SEA Games
2015 (Female
50kg-55kg Class B)
1.0 ABSTRACT
The
aim of this study is to study and identify the indicators in Silat Olahraga
such as the sweep, kick, punch, topple
and others technique used in Silat competition of the 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015, Women Class B Final Laos vs Thailand. All these matches were won by both
men and women Malaysia’s players. In silat can be divided into two categories
which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga. For this study, Silat Olahraga is a
main basic of sparing in competition. The game statistic
consists of punch, kick, topple, block, block and kick, block and punch, block
and sweep, fake kick, fake punch, self-release, catch, dodge and others. Thus
far, it will be classified on the hit-target, hit-elsewhere and miss
target (N. Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013)
This
technique would be occurring when the two pesilat perform in a competition.
Pesilat can perform their technique of punching by using hand while topple can
use hand or leg to take down the opponent. However, the point will be collected
according to the opponent falling down to the ground. The notational analyses
are used to record the sweep, kick, punch, topple and motion categories hit
target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Silat is one of the martial arts that originated from
Indonesia. It is called as a tradition practiced in southern Thailand,
Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and Malaysia. Silat is the Malay art of
combat fighting art. According to Kartomi M.(2011), Pencak silat (‘the art of
self defence’) is a contemporary umbrella term used in Indonesia and Malaysia
and other parts of Southeast Asia to designate the hundreds of traditional and
modern martial art genres that are performed either solo or as a duel, and with
or without musical accompaniment. There are separate national organisations in
each of the main countries the sport is practised in and they are Ikatan Pencak
Silat Indonesia (IPSI) from Indonesia, Persekutuan Silat Kebangsaan Malaysia
(PESAKA) from Malaysia, Persekutuan Silat Brunei Darussalam (PERSIB) from
Brunei and Persekutuan Silat Singapura (PERSISI) from Singapore.
The
uniqueness of Silat Olahraga is the rule. In the rule, there are exist of basic
commands, time for each match, target area to attack the opponent, and the
scoring point for each of the area that attacked. For the basic commands, the ‘Wasit’
which is referee will issue the command 'Sedia', meaning 'ready'. Then, he will
shout 'Mulai', meaning 'begin'. Immediately the 'gong' will be struck. When the
Wasit wants to stop the fight, he will shout 'Berhenti', meaning 'stop'. Every
time the fighters step out of the ring, the Wasit will stop the fight and bring
the fighters back to the center. If a fighter repeatedly steps outside the
ring, especially if stepping backwards, the wasit may issue a penalty point. If
Pesilat continues to do that he may be given 2 penalty points. If Pesilat still
continues to step out of the ring, the Wasit may even decide to end the fight
and proclaim Pesilat opponent the winner. There are three rounds of fighting, 2
minutes for every round, with 1minute rest between each round.
3.0 MATERIAL
AND METHODS
Match Analysis
A
publicly available video recording of women Silat Olahraga match from the National
Silat Olahraga competition in 28th SEA Games 2015 held at Singapore was used
for the analysis. There are two (2) matches used for the analysis; a women final
match of class B of 50kg-55kg and a women semi-final match of class B 50kg-55kg
weight category. 14
different types of event performed by the four women contestants as well as the
start and end action of periods are identified. But, this analysis more focuses
on the specific skills, which are punching, kicking, sweeping, and topple
categorized each of these indicators into hit target, hit elsewhere, and miss
opponent. Besides that, the video will be repeated and play in slow motion to
identify the action or skills made by exponents to get the accurate analyse
(Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013). There have several types of motion
categories that have been showed:
Punch:
The
punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with closed fist hitting the target. In
silat, punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch
‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to exponent body’s (Anuar, 1993).
Kick:
The
kick ‘tendang’ or ‘terajang’ is an ataacking movement which is performed with
one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can
be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘
tendang lengkar’(Anuar, 1993).
Block:
The
blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent
stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking
or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the
purpose to block off or striking back at any attck (Anuar, 1993).
Catch:
The
catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from
carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from
being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction.
A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exit to protect the silat exponent’s (Anuar, 1993).
Topple:
There
are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bad or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the sila exponent topples
his opponent down without wresting or he is able to overpower the opponent whom
he has brought down (Anuar, 1993).
Sweep:
Swiping
‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to
unstable him and brings down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this
attacking movement either with his right or left leg. Hence, front sweep
‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s
leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg
backward to hit the back leg (Anuar, 1993).
Evade/Dodge:
The
evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to
evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch
the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the
side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ ducking ‘susup’ and
etc. (Anuar, 1993).
Self-Release:
Self-release
‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from
an opponent (Anuar, 1993)
Block and Punch:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent (Shapie,
Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013).
Block and Kick:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie
et al., 2013).
Block and Sweep:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and
followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et
al., 2013).
Fake Punch:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake
punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Kick:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick
to break his opponent defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
All
the activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that
time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.
4.0 STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
The
observation generated data will be frequency counted. All the raw data
collected from the all matches use the system produce by Shapie at al 2013
statistical analysis was conducted using (SPSS) Statistical package social
science version 21. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference
performance between the winner and loser in Silat matches.
5.0 RESULTS
The
result has been showed in the table below which is the first table there have 13
techniques that combine from the winner and loser while the second table shows
the specific skills from the exponents used such as sweep, kick, punch, and
topple techniques. There have three outcomes based on the observation from the
video matches, which are hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. All these
matches were won by Thailand and Laos team.
Table 1.0 Thailand Vs
Laos (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Thailand Won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||||||||
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Not
Available*
|
Total
|
|||||||
Thai (W)
|
Laos
(L)
|
Thai
(W)
|
Laos
(L)
|
Thai
(W)
|
Laos
(L)
|
Thai
(W)
|
Laos
(L)
|
Thai
(W)
|
Laos
(L)
|
||
Block &
Punch
|
|||||||||||
Block & Kick
|
|||||||||||
Block &
Sweep
|
|||||||||||
Block
|
|||||||||||
Kick
|
9
|
12
|
10
|
6
|
4
|
5
|
23
|
23
|
|||
Fake Kick
|
|||||||||||
Punch
|
10
|
4
|
1
|
11
|
4
|
||||||
Fake Punch
|
|||||||||||
Topple
|
1
|
-
|
1
|
||||||||
Catch
|
|||||||||||
Dodge
|
|||||||||||
Sweep
|
4
|
4
|
5
|
13
|
-
|
||||||
Self-Release
|
|||||||||||
Total
|
23
|
17
|
15
|
6
|
9
|
5
|
47
|
28
|
|||
Table 1.1 Frequency
profile of 2 opponents
PUNCH
|
KICK
|
SWEEP
|
TOPPLE
|
TOTAL
|
|
THAILAND
(Winner)
|
11
|
23
|
13
|
-
|
47
|
LAOS
(Loser)
|
4
|
23
|
-
|
1
|
28
|
TOTAL
|
15
|
46
|
13
|
1
|
74
|
Thailand (Winner)
|
(11 + 23 + 13) / 4 =
11.8
|
Laos (Loser)
|
(4 + 23 + 1) / 4 = 7
|
Table 1.3 Laos vs
Singapore (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Laos Won)
Outcome
|
|||||||||||
Hit Target
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available*
|
Total
|
|||||||
Laos
(W)
|
Sin
(L)
|
Laos
(W)
|
Sin
(L)
|
Laos
(W)
|
Sin
(L)
|
Laos
(W)
|
Sin
(L)
|
Laos
(W)
|
Sin
(L)
|
||
Block
& Punch
|
|||||||||||
Block
& Kick
|
|||||||||||
Block
& Sweep
|
|||||||||||
Block
|
11
|
16
|
|||||||||
Kick
|
11
|
6
|
25
|
19
|
26
|
17
|
62
|
42
|
|||
Fake
Kick
|
3
|
6
|
|||||||||
Punch
|
10
|
6
|
5
|
2
|
5
|
2
|
20
|
10
|
|||
Fake
Punch
|
|||||||||||
Topple
|
1
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
4
|
|||
Catch
|
|||||||||||
Dodge
|
|||||||||||
Sweep
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
4
|
6
|
|||
Self-Release
|
|||||||||||
Total
|
21
|
12
|
33
|
26
|
35
|
24
|
104
|
84
|
|||
Table 1.4 Frequency
profile of 2 opponents
EXPONENT
|
PUNCH
|
KICK
|
SWEEP
|
TOPPLE
|
TOTAL
|
LAOS (Winner)
|
20
|
62
|
4
|
4
|
90
|
SINGAPORE (Loser)
|
10
|
42
|
6
|
4
|
62
|
TOTAL
|
30
|
104
|
10
|
8
|
152
|
Table 1.5 Mean for each
team
Laos
(Winner)
|
(20
+ 62 + 4 + 4) / 4 = 22.5
|
Singapore
(Loser)
|
(10
+ 42 + 6 + 4) / 4 = 15.5
|
6.0 DISCUSSION
Based
on the result, group statistics can be found by the SPSS software that being
used to calculated all the possible data according to the notated exponent
statistics. All the 2 Silat olahraga matches are being conquered by Laos and
Thailand teams. It shows that Laos and Thailand athletes are dominant to
control their opponent during the match’s.
For the first match is Women’s Final Class B 50kg-55kg Thailand
vs Laos and second match is Women’s Semi Final Class B 50kg-55kg Laos vs Singapore. Based on my record from the video matches, the total of
frequency table for Thailand vs Laos is 47 and 28. While Laos vs Singapore is
90 and 62. This total are comprising from variety technique such as punch,
kick, sweep and topple. From this result Thailand and Laos are higher than the
other exponents during the competition. In this match, the fighter or exponents
use both upper and lower body part to make a movement and the fighter is
really good in both at punching and kicking than other techniques
For this analysis, the fighter has to developed more
strength, power, agility and cardiovascular fitness to enhance or maintain the
performance level. Each physical fitness component is important to them for
developed or train during training and will perform well during competition.
Current study showed, the fighter mostly used kicking and punching techniques
than other that is because the fighter was good at both techniques to get more
score or point during competition. Usually, the winner uses their tactic and
knows how to make self-defence very well from being attacked and always find
the chance to attack the opponent such as topple down which is the fighter use
their leg or hand to let the opponent falling down to the floor then after that
the fighter will get the point (Shapie, M. N. M. & Elias, 2015).
Refer
to frequency of table the first match Women’s Final Thailand (Winner) and Laos
(Loser). The fighter from Thailand got higher score which is from kick 23,
punch 11 and sweep 13. For the second match Women’s Semi Final Laos (Winner) and
Singapore (Loser). The fighter from Laos made kick 62, punch 20, sweep 4 and
topple 4. In this match, the fighter used licking more than punch, topple and
block. In this match, the fighter used kicking and punching as their main
technique to let the opponent fall down and get the higher score.
7.0 CONCLUSION
The
conclusion of this study is to determine the level method used by the both
exponents Silat Olahraga Sea Game 2015. For example, used kick, punch, sweep
and topple then measured motion categories by hit elsewhere, hit target and
miss opponent. Based on the observation, the winning team used a lot of
technique or skill that involve the higher point such as punch and kicking. The
competitor should improve their skill especially on topple and sweep. Plus, the
exponents who make the best technique or use more tactical, will get the higher
score and win the competition. Besides, Pesilat need to improve their fitness
level such as muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, power, agility,
speed to enhance their performance level. In this study is to observe which
techniques are used more during competition by both fighters. The fewer
mistakes they made, the better result they will get. However, the exponents
should develop more their strength, power, agility to give the fast attack to
the opponent. Both the exponents used the high intensity action than low
intensity action during the competition because it also helps to contribute to
get the highest score rather than low intensity action. Last but not least, to
ensure the good performance played by the athletes of ‘Pesilat’, they have to
fully prepared especially on their physical & mental in order to give their
best commitment and also good results by winning each game.
8.0 APPENDICES
Group Statistics - Thailand
Vs Laos (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Thailand Won)
Descriptive Statistics
|
||||
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
||
Statistic
|
Statistic
|
Std. Error
|
Statistic
|
|
Thailand (Winner)
|
47
|
2.04
|
.105
|
.721
|
Laos (Loser)
|
28
|
1.93
|
.102
|
.539
|
Valid N (listwise)
|
28
|
Descriptive Statistics
|
||||
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
||
Statistic
|
Statistic
|
Std. Error
|
Statistic
|
|
Laos (Winner)
|
90
|
1.91
|
.070
|
.664
|
Singapore (Loser)
|
62
|
2.06
|
.092
|
.721
|
Valid N (listwise)
|
62
|
9.0 REFERENCES
Shapie M.N.M, Oliver J., O’Donoghue PG, Tong R.
(2013). Activity profile
during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat
Sport and
Martial Art. 1(2); Vol. 4,81-86 DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1073630
Kartomi M. (2011). Traditional and Modern Forms of
Pencak Silat in Indonesia: ‘The
Suku
Mamak in Riau’. Musicology Australia. Vol. 33(1), Pg. 47-68. DOI :
10.1080/08145857.2011.580716
Anuar
A.W. (1993), Silat Olahraga (2nd edn.). The art, technique and regulations,
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Shapie,
M. N. M., & Elias, M. S. (2015). Seni Silat Malaysia: The Malay Arts of
Self-Defence.Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on
Health and Martial Arts in Interdisciplinary Approach, HMA 2015.
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat
Tanding Women’s Class B Final Laos vs Thailand (Day 9); 28th SEA
Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ml0sFzboUnI
Sport Singapore. (2015). PEncak Silat
Tanding Women’s Class B Semi Final Singapore vs Laos (Day 8); 28th
SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/SghP76tXRQo
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